06_Format Specifiers_C programming

Syllabus of Chemistry NEB Grade 12

Syllabus of Physics NEB Grade 12

Format Specifier

FORMAT SPECIFIER	TYPE
%c​	Character​
%d​	Signed integer​
%e or %E​	Scientific notation of floats​
%f​	Float values​
%g or %G​	Similar as %e or %E​
%hi​	Signed integer (short)​
%hu​	Unsigned Integer (short)​
%i​	Unsigned integer​
%l or %ld or %li​	Long​

FORMAT SPECIFIER	TYPE​
%Lf​	Long double​
%lu​	Unsigned int or unsigned long​
%lf	Double
%lli or %lld​	Long long​
%llu​	Unsigned long long​
%o​	Octal representation​
%p​	Pointer​
%s​	String​
%u​	Unsigned int​
%x or %X​	Hexadecimal representation​
%n​	Prints nothing​
%%​	Prints % character​

Escape Sequences

 

Escape sequence	Meaning
\a	Alarm or Beep
\b	Backspace
\f	Form Feed
\n	New line
\r	Carriage Return
\t	Tab
\v	Vertical Tab
\\	Backslash
\'	Single Quote
\"	Double Quote
\?	Question Mark
\ooo	Octal number
\0	Null

Operators

1. Arithmetic operator

 

Operator	Purpose
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Remainder

2. Relational operator

 

Operator	Purpose
<	Less than
<=	Less than or equal to
>	Greater than
>=	Greater than or equal to

3. Equality operator

 

Operator	Purpose
==	Equal to
!=	Not equal to

4. Logical operator

 

Operator	Purpose
&&	AND
||	OR
!	NOT

5. Increment / Decrement operator

 

Operator	Purpose
y=++x	Prefix increment
y=x++	Postfix increment

6. Assignment operator

 

Operator	Purpose
+=	Add and assign
-=	Subtract and assign
*=	Multiply and assign
/=	Divide and assign
%=	Takes modulus and assign
int a=b=c=5	Multiple assignment

7. Conditional operator

 

Operator	Purpose
? :	result = (marks>=50) ?  'Pass' : 'Fail'

8. Bitwise operator

 

Operator	Purpose
&	Bitwise AND
|	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise XOR
~	Bitwise complement
<<	Left shift
>>	Right shift

9. Special operators

 

Operator	Purpose
,	Comma operator
sizeof( )	Size of an operator

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