08_Formatted IO Functions_C programming

Formatted Output with printf()

printf() can be used to output data of different types in different formats such as perform rounding, aligning columns, right/left justification, inserting literal characters, exponential format, hexadecimal format, and fixed width and precision.

printf(format-string, arg1, arg2, arg3,...........,argn)

The precision specifier

It determines the number of decimal places displayed.

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

float a=5.231457865;

printf("The value of a is %.2f",a);

return 0;

}

Formatted Input with scanf()

scanf() reads characters from the standard input, interprets them according to the specification in format-string and stores the results in the remaining arguments arg1, arg2, ....., argn each of which must be a pointer that indicates where the corresponding converted input should be stored.

Reading Itegers

%d or %i %o %0x

Reading Floating-point values

Format specifier= %f %e %g

Reading string

Format specifier= %s

Reading single character

Format specifier = %c

getchar() and putchar()

getc() and putc()

getch() and putch()

getche()

Formatted Input with scanset

The set of characters enclosed in square brackets [ ] is preceded by a % sign. It scans input stream, looking only for characters in scan set.

Use of Caret ^: [^aeiou]

It does not scan the character inside the square bracket.

for eg:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

char n[50];

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%[aeiou]",n);

printf("%s",n);

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter a string: afhehihdolu

aeiou

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

char n[50];

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%[^aeiou]",n);

printf("%s",n);

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter a string: afhehihdolu

fhhhdl

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